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Regardless of whether standard input or another stream is used (such as a file), it is critical to check that boundaries have not been overwritten, especially where arrays and pointers are concerned. We ve so far looked at some simple cases involving text files. However, more complex applications that use structs to create database-like records usually require faster read/ write access provided by binary data streams. Using a binary stream makes it impossible to use cat or grep to examine the contents of a file, but it does allow a valuable abstraction from files on a character-by-character basis. Complex data structures can be easily serialized and written to a binary file. In the following example program, we define a struct called dbRecord, which contains some of the user data typically stored in the password file (/etc/passwd). Many applications use this data for authentication purposes. Imagine that we were going to write a new, improved version of /etc/passwd that uses a binary data format rather than the existing cumbersome (and slow) text format. We d need an administrative interface to allow new records to be easily added, because they could no longer be added by manually editing the /etc/passwd file. Let s have a look at how this could be achieved:

Most music is handled through the iPod app the icon is on the Home screen, usually in the bottom dock of icons, the last one on the right.

#include <stdio.h> void printMenu(); char getInput(); void enterData(FILE *fp); struct dbRecord { int uid; int gid; char username[8]; char homeDirectory[64]; char shell[64]; char comment[64]; }; main(int argc, char *argv[]) { FILE *dbFile; char menuChoice; if ((dbFile=fopen(argv[1],"a+"))==NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open database file %s\n", argv[1]); exit(1); } do { printMenu(); menuChoice=getInput();

32:

Big integer A variation of the integer type, written as BIGINT, that holds larger numbers and therefore takes more space. The standard only speci es that the precision of BIGINT be greater than or equal to the precision of INT, so again you need to check your DBMS documentation for details. The SQL syntax is

Touch the iPod icon and, as Figure 13 1 shows, you ll see five soft keys across the bottom: Playlists lets you see synced playlists from your computer, as well as playlists created on the iPhone. Artists lets you see an alphabetical list of artists (searchable like your Address Book). Songs lets you see an alphabetical list of songs (also searchable). Videos lets you see a list of videos (also searchable). More lets you see audiobooks, compilations, composers, genres, iTunes U, and podcasts.

switch (menuChoice) { case 'e': enterData(dbFile); break; case 'q': printf("Session terminated\n"); fclose(dbFile); exit(1); break; } } while (menuChoice!='q'); } void printMenu() { printf("Database Main Menu\n"); printf("------------------\n"); printf("(e)nter new dbRecord\n"); printf("(q)uit\n"); } char getInput() { char answer; printf("\nYour Choice: "); answer=getchar(); return answer; } void enterData(FILE *fp) { struct dbRecord user; printf("Data Entry\n"); printf("----------\n\n"); printf("Enter UID: "); scanf("%i",&user.uid); printf("Enter GID: "); scanf("%i",&user.gid); printf("Enter username: "); scanf("%s",user.username); printf("Enter full name: "); scanf("%s",user.comment); printf("Enter shell: "); scanf("%s",user.shell); printf("Enter home directory: "); scanf("%s",user.homeDirectory); fwrite((char *)&user, sizeof(struct dbRecord), 1, fp); }

Part VI:

One very cool feature on the iPhone is that you can edit the soft keys at the bottom of the iPod app and really customize it to fit your needs and tastes. To do so, first touch the More button.

Adding a user to a Solaris system is easy; however, this operation may be performed only by the root user. There are two options. The first option is to edit the /etc/passwd file directly, which includes incrementing the UID, adding the appropriate GID, adding a home directory (and remembering to physically create it on the file system), inserting a comment, and choosing a login name. In addition, you must set a password for the user by using the passwd command. Does this sound difficult If so, you should consider using the second option: the automated useradd command, which does all the hard work for you, as long as you supply the correct information. The useradd command has the following format:

Float An approximate numeric type implemented with precision greater than or equal to the speci ed precision. The precision speci cation is optional. On supported platforms, FLOAT is usually implemented using oating-point numbers. The SQL syntax is

Let s add a user to the system and examine the results: